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Biography

Executive Director, Bodega Bay Institute

2711 Piedmont Avenue

Berkeley, CA 94705 United States

Phone: (510) 549-2476

Email: pelecanus@igc.org

Research Interests

Contaminant effects on raptors and other birds.
Conservation of the California Condor.


Species of Interest:
Peregrine Falcon California Condor

Publications

Maruya, K.A., R.W. Risebrough, and A.J. Horne. 2009. Bioaccumulation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by benthic invertebrates in an intertidal marsh. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16:1087–1097. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620160601
Parmentier, K., R. Gwiazda, J. Burnett, K. Sorenson, S. Scherbinski, C. VanTassell, A. Welch, M. Koenig, J. Brandt, J. Petterson, J. Grantham, R. Risebrough, and D. Smith. 2009. Feather Pb isotopes reflect exposure history and ald inhibition shows sub-clinical toxicity in California Condors. Pp. 267-268 in R.T. Watson, M. Fuller, M. Pokras, and G. Hunt (eds.), Ingestion of lead from spent ammunition: implications for wildlife and humans. The Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID
Muralidharan, S., V. Dhananjayan, R. Risebrough, V. Prakash, R. Jayakumar, and P.H. Bloom. 2008. Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in tissues and eggs of White-backed Vulture, Gyps bengalensis from different locations in India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 81:561-565. DOI:10.1007/s.00128-008-9529-z.
Risebrough, R.W. 2007. (Abstract) Potential threat of diclofenac and related drugs to avian scavengers in Latin America. P. 332 in K.L. Bildstein, D.R. Barber, and A. Zimmerman (eds.). Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Orwigsburg, PA.
Church, M., R. Gwiazda, R.W. Risebrough, K. Sorenson, C.P. Chamberlain, S. Farry, W. Heinrich, B.A. Rideout, and D.R. Smith. 2006. Ammunition is the principal source of lead accumulated by California Condors re-introduced to the wild. Environmental Science and Technology 40:6143-6150. pdf
Risebrough, R.W. 2006. Diclofenac: a new environmental poison in South Asia. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 103(2-3):239-250.
Risebrough, R.W., M.Z. Virani, T.E. Katzner, and J.W. Duckworth. 2006. Collapse of Vulture Populations in southern Asia. Proceedings of the 23rd International Ornithological Congress (R. Schodde (ed.). Acta Zoologica Sinica 52 (Supplement):42-43.
Chamberlain, C.P., J.R. Waldbauer, K. Fox-Dobbs, S.D. Newsome, P.L. Koch, D.R. Smith, M.E. Church, S.D. Chamberlain, K.J. Sorenson, and R. Risebrough. 2005. Pleistocene to recent dietary shifts in California Condors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102:16707-16711.
Risebrough, R.W. 2004. Population collapses of three species of Gyps vultures in the Indian subcontinent: an overview. Pp. 197-214 in R.D. Chancellor and B.-U. Meyburg (eds.), Raptors worldwide. World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls, Berlin. 867 pp.
Risebrough, R.W. 2004. Can we prevent the extinction of Gyps vultures in South Asia? Mistnet 5:26-29.
Risebrough, R.W. 2004. Fatal medicine for vultures. Nature 427:1-2.
Risebrough, R.W. 2004. Conservation biology: fatal medicine for vultures. Nature 427:596-598.
Vardhan, H., R.W. Risebrough, H. Singh Sangha, and A.K. Chhangani. 2004. GYPS VULTURES: conservation strategies, 2004, with reports of censuses undertaken in Rajasthan. Tourism and Wildlife Society of India. Jaipur, India. 34 pp.
Risebrough, R.W. 2003. A new role for Indian zoos. Zoos' Print XVIII(8):1-2.
Risebrough, R.W. 2003. Hope for the vultures? The Rhino Foundation for Nature in NE India. Newsletter no.5:9-11.
Risebrough, R.W. 2003. Perspectives on the uses of biocides: conservation strategies for the next century. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 100:226-239.
Risebrough, R.W. 2002. DDT: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Pp.7-12 in Extended Abstracts, II International Workshop on Organic Micropollutants in the Environment. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 122 pp.
Risebrough, R.W. 2002. California Condor Recovery Program: response to Beissinger. Conservation Biology 16:1156-1157.
Risebrough, R.W. 2002. Round-table discussions on Gyps vultures: collapse of vulture populations in southern Asia: priorities for conservation and research. 23rd International Ornithological Congress. Vulture News 47:66-67.
Risebrough, R.W.. 2001. Absence of demonstrable toxicity to Turkey Vultures, Cathartes aura of copper and tungsten-tin-bismuth-composite pellets. Final report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Condor Recovery Program, Ventura, CA. The Bodega Bay Institute, Berkeley, CA.
Khan, A.A., M.Z. Virani, L. Oaks, P.C. Benson, M. Gilbert, R.T. Watcon, and R.W. Risebrough. 2001. A survey of the Oriental White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis in the Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Research (Science) 12:97-104.
Risebrough, R.W. 2000. Population crash of the Gyps vultures in India: evidence for a disease factor and recommendations for emergency efforts. Report to the Office of International Conservation, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. The Bodega Bay Institute, Berkeley. CA.
Risebrough, R.W. 2000. Historical and continuing effects on birds of the southern California Islands of DDT wastes discharged by the Montrose Chemical Corporation. Report to the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. The Bodega Bay Institute, Berkeley, CA. 48 pp.
Risebrough, R.W. 2000. Very recent vulture situation in Pakistan. Newsletter of the World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls 29/32:71-73.
Risebrough, R.W. 2000. Population crash opf Gyps vultures in India: evidence for a disease factor and recommendation for emergency efforts. Newsletter of the World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls 29/32:62-67.
Risebrough, R.W., and M.Z. Virani. 2000. Threats to the vultures of Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Africa, and strategies for an international action plan. Newsletter of the World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls 29/32:68-70.
Watson, R.T., M. Virani, R. Risebrough, and L. Oaks. 2000. Catastrophic vulture population decline in Asia: current knowledge and a proposal to understand its cause. Pp. 9-13 in D. Prawiradilaga (ed.), Proceedings Asian Raptor Research Conservation: the Second Symposium on Raptors of Asia, Grand Aquila, Bandung -- Indonesia, 25-27 July 2000. Indonesian Committee for the Second Symposium of Asian Raptor Research and Conservation, Cibinong, Indonesia.
Risebrough, R.W. 1999. 'Endocrine disruption' and the "wildlife connection". Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 5:869-883.
Risebrough, R.W. 1998. Endocrine disrupters and Bald Eagles: a response. Endangered Species Update 15:47-50.
Jarman, W.M., A. Hilkert, C.E. Bacon, J.W. Collister, K. Ballschmiter, and R.W. Risebrough 1998. Compound-specific carbon isotopic analysis of aroclors, clophens, kaneclors, and phenoclors. Environmental Science and Technology 32:833–836. DOI: 10.1021/es970875m
Risebrough, R.W. 1998. Endocrine distupers and Bald Eagles: a response. Endangered Species Update 15:47-50.
Jenkins, J.M., and R.W. Risebrough. 1995. Chronic reproductive failures at a Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nesting territory in northern California. Journal of Raptor Research 29:35.
Maruya, K.A., R.W. Risebrough, and A.J. Horne. 1996. Partitioning of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons between sediments from San Francisco Bay and their porewaters. Environmental Science and Technology 30:2942–2947. DOI: 10.1021/es950909v
Basili, G., P. Cardinale-Pizani, and R.W. Risebrough. 1994. Organochlorines in Venezuelan raptor eggs. Pp. 693-696 in B.-U. Meyburg and R.D. Chancellor (eds.), Raptor conservation today. World Working Group on Birds of Prey, Berlin, and Pica Press, London. 799 pp.
Jenkins, J.M., R.M. Jurek, D.K. Garcelon, R. Mesta, W.G. Hunt, R.E. Jackman, D.E. Driscoll, and R.W. Risebrough. 1994. DDE contamination and population parameters of Bald Eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus in California and Arizona, USA. Pp. 751-756 in B.-U. Meyburg and R.D. Chancellor (eds.), Raptor conservation today. World Working Group on Birds of Prey, Berlin, and Pica Press, London. 799 pp.
Nisbet, I.C.T., and R.W. Risebrough. 1994. Relationship of DDE to productivity of Bald Eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus in California and Arizona, USA. Pp. 771-773 in B.-U. Meyburg and R.D. Chancellor (eds.), Raptor conservation today. World Working Group on Birds of Prey, Berlin, and Pica Press, London. 799 pp.
Risebrough, R.W. 1994. Environmental contaminants and the endangerment of California's wildlife. Pp. 113-119 in Life on the edge: a guide to California's endangered natural resources: wildlife. Biosystems Books. Santa Cruz, CA. 550 pp.
Risebrough, R.W. 1994. Toxic chemicals and birds of prey: discussions in Berlin in 1992. Pp. 685-692 in B.-U. Meyburg & R.D. Chancellor (eds.), Raptor conservation today. World Working Group on Birds of Prey, Berlin. 799 pp.
Linthicum, J.L., W.M. Jarman, B.J. Walton, R.W. Risebrough, L.F. Kiff, and J.S. Minton. 1994. Weight loss during artificial incubation vs. eggshell thinning of California Peregrine Falcon eggs brought from the wild. Pp. 761-765 in B.-U. Meyburg and R.D. Chancellor (eds.), Raptor conservation today. World Working Group on Birds of Prey, Berlin, and Pica Press, London. 799 pp.
Jarman, W.M., M. Simon, R.J. Norstrom, S.A. Burns, C.A. Bacon, B.R.T. Simoneit, and R.W. Risebrough. 1992. Global distribution of tris (4-chlorophenyl) methanol in high tropics level birds and mammals. Environmental Science and Technology 26:1770-1774. DOI: 10.1021/es00033a009
Risebrough, R.W., B.W. De Lappe, and C. Younghans-Haug. 1990. PCB and PCT contamination in Winter Quarters Bay, Antarctica. Marine Pollution Bulletin 21:523–529. doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(90)90300-W
Risebrough, R.W., A.M. Springer, S.A. Temple, C.M. White, J.L.B. Albuquerque, P.H. Bloom, R.W. Fyfe, M.N. Kirven, B.A. Luscombe, D.G. Roseneau, M. Sander, N.J. Schmitt, C.G. Thelander, W.G. Vasina, and W. Walker II. 1990. [Observations on the Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus subspecies in South America]. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 50:563-574. (In Spanish with English summary)
Garcelon, D.K., R.W. Risebrough, W.M. Jarman, A.B. Chartrand, and E.E. Littrell. 1989. Accumulation of DDE by Bald Eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus reintroduced to Santa Catalina Island in southern California. Pp. 491-494 in B.-U. Meyburg and R.D. Chancellor (eds.), Raptors in the modern world. World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls. Berlin. 611 pp.
Inigo Elias, E.E., and R.W. Risebrough. 1989. Patterns of current pesticide use in Mexico. Pp. 469-471 in B.-U. Meyburg and R.D. Chancellor (eds.), Raptors in the Modern World. World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls, Berlin. 611 pp.
Peakall, D.B., and R.W. Risebrough. 1989. Comparative toxicology of organochlorine pesticides to avian species. Pp. 461-464 in B.-U. Meyburg and R.D. Chancellor (eds.), Raptors in the modern world. World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls. Berlin. 611 pp.
Risebrough, R.W. 1989. Toxic chemicals and birds of prey: discussions at Eilat in 1987. Pp. 515-525 in B.-U. Meyburg and R.D. Chancellor (eds.), Raptors in the modern world. World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls. Berlin 611 pp.
Risebrough, R.W., and J.G. Monk. 1989. Toxic chemicals and birds of prey: a perspective in 1987. Pp. 245-255 in B. Giron Pendleton, C.E. Ruibal, D.L. Krahe, K. Steenhof, M.N. Kochert, M.N. LeFranc, Jr. (eds.), Proceedings of the Western Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. National Wildlife Federation, Washington, D.C. 320 pp.
Risebrough, R.W., R.W. Schlorff, P.H. Bloom, and E.E. Littrell. 1989. Investigations of the decline of Swainson's Hawk populations in California. Raptor Research 23:63-71.
Risebrough, R.W. 1989. Patterns of organochlorine contamination of Red-tailed and Red-shouldered Hawks ion Orange County, southern California. Unpublished report to National Audubon Society.
Risebrough, R.W. and D.B. Peakall. 1988. Commentary -- the relative importance of the several organochlorines in the decline of Peregrine Falcon populations. Pp. 449-462 in T.J. Cade, J.H. Enderson, C.G. Thelander, and C.M. White (eds.), Peregrine Falcon populations: their management and recovery. The Peregrine Fund. Boise, ID.
White, C.M., R.W. Risebrough, and S.A. Temple. 1989. Observations on North American breeding peregrines Falco peregrinus on the non-breeding grounds in South America. Pp. 89-93 in B.-U. Meyburg and R.D. Chancellor (eds.), Raptors in the modern world. World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls, Berlin. 611 pp.
Fyfe, R.W., R.W. Risebrough, J.G. Monk, W.M. Jarman, D.W. Anderson, L.F. Kiff, J.L. Lincer, I.C.T. Nisbet, W. Walker II, and B.J. Walton. 1988. DDE, productivity, and eggshell thickness relationships in the genus Falco. Pp. 319-335 in T.J. Cade, J.H. Enderson, C.G. Thelander, and C.M. White (eds.), Peregrine Falcon populations: their management and recovery. The Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID.
Monk, J.G., R.W. Risebrough, D.W. Anderson, R.W. Fyfe, and L.F. Kiff. 1988. Within-clutch variation of eggshell thickness in three species of falcons. Pp. 377-383 in T.J. Cade, J.H. Enderson, C.G. Thelander, and C.M. White (eds.), Peregrine Falcon Populations: their management and recovery. The Peregrine Fund. Boise, ID.
Jarman, W.M., and R.W. Risebrough. 1986. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the lipid of the shell membrane of a crushed egg of a California Condor, 1986. Unpublished report, Santa Cruz, CA.
Hunt, W.G., B.S. Johnson, C.G. Thelander, B.J. Walton, and R.W. Risebrough. 1986. Environmental levels of p, p'-DDE indicate multiple sources. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5:21-27.
Risebrough, R.W. 1986. Pesticides and bird populations. Current Ornithology 3:397-427. Plenum Publishing Corporation. New York.
Risebrough, R.W., W.M. Jarman, and W.G. Hunt. 1986. A metabolic derivation of DDE from Kelthane. Environmental Tocxicology and Chemistry 5:13-19.
Springer, A.M., W. Walker, II, R.W. Risebrough, D. Benfield, D.H. Ellis, W.G. Mattox, D.P. Mindell and D.G. Roseneau. 1984. Origins of organochlorines accumulated by Peregrine Falcons breeding in Alaska and Greenland. Canadian Field-Naturalist 98:159-166.
Farrington, J.W., E.D. Goldberg, R.W. Risebrough, J.H. Martin, and V.T. Bowen. 1983. U.S. "Mussel Watch" 1976-1978: an overview of the trace-metal, DDE, PCB, hydrocarbon and artificial radionuclide data. Environmental Science and Technology 17:490–496. DOI: 10.1021/es00114a010
Peakall, D.B., T.S. Lew, A.M. Springer, W. Walker II, R.W. Risebrough, J.G. Monk, W.M. Jarman, B.J. Walton, L.M. Reynolds, R.W. Fyfe, and L.F. Kiff. 1983. Determination of the DDE and PCB content of Peregrine Falcon eggs: a comparison of whole egg measurements and estimates derived from eggshell membranes. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 12:523-528.
Risebrough, R.W., B.W. De Lappe, W. Walker, II, B.R.T. Simoneit, J. Grimalt, J. Albaiges, J.A. Garcia Regueiro, A.B. Inolla, and M.M. Fernandez. 1983. Application of the Mussel Watch concept in studies of the distribution of hydrocarbons in the coastal zone of the Ebro Delta. Marine Pollution Bulletin 14:181–187.
Rudolph, S.G., D.W. Anderson, and R.W. Risebrough. 1983. Kestrel predatory behavior under chronic low-level exposure to DDE. Environmental Pollution 32:121-136.
Risebrough, R.W. 1980. Organochlorine contamination of the Peruvian coastal ecosystem: baseline levels in 1969. Pp. 929-934 in R. Nöhring (ed.), Acta XVII Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici. Deutschen Ornithologen-Gesellschaft, Berlin.
Risebrough, R.W. 1978. Pesticides and other toxicants. Pp. 218-236 in H. P. Brokaw (ed.), Wildlife and America. Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, D.C. 532 pp.
Ohlendorf, H.M., R.W. Risebrough, and K. Vermeer. 1978. Exposure of marine birds to environmental pollutants U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report no. 9. 40 pp.
Spitzer, P.R., R.W. Risebrough, W. Walker II, R. Hernandez, A. Poole, D. Puleston, and I.C.T. Nisbet. 1978. Productivity of Ospreys in Connecticut-Long Island increases as DDE residues decline. Science 202:333-335.
Mendola, J.T., R.W. Risebrough, and J. Blondel. 1977. [Contamination of the Camargue avifauna by organochlorine residues]. Environmental Pollution 13:21-31. (In French)
Risebrough, R.W. 1977. Pp. 13-18 in T. Mosquin and C. Suchal (eds.), Endangered wildlife and pollution: a global perspective: Canada's threatened species and habitats. Canadian Nature Federation, Ottawa. 185 pp.
Spitzer, P.R., R.W. Risebrough, J.W. Grier, and C.R. Sindelar, Jr. 1977. Eggshell thickness-pollutant relationships among North American Ospreys. Pp. 13-19 in J.C. Ogden (ed.), Transactions of the North American Osprey Research Conference. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Transactions and Proceedings Series Number 2. 258 pp.
Fyfe, R.W., R.W. Risebrough, and W. Walker II. 1976. Pollutant effects on the reproduction of the Prairie Falcons and Merlins of the Canadian prairies. Canadian Field-Naturalist 90:346-355.
White, C.M., and R.W. Risebrough. 1977. Polychlorinated biphenyls in the ecosystems. Pp. 615-625 in M.L. Merritt and R.G. Fuller (eds.), The Environment of Amchitka Island, Alaska. Technical Information Center, Energy Research and Development Administration. National Technical Information Service TID-26712, Oak Ridge, TN.
Anderson, D.W., J.R. Jehl, Jr., R.W. Risebrough, L.A. Woods, Jr., L.R. Deweese, and W.G. Edgecomb. 1975. Brown pelicans: improved reproduction off the southern California coast. Science 190:806-808. DOI: 10.1126/science.1239078 DW Anderson, JR Jehl, Jr, RW Risebrough, LA Woods, Jr, LR Deweese and WG Edgecomb
Bowes, G.W., M.J. Mulvihill, B.R.T. Simoneit, A.L. Burlingame, and R.W. Risebrough. 1975. Identification of chlorinated dibenzofurans in American polychlorinated biphenyls. Nature 256:305-307. doi:10.1038/256305b0
Risebrough, R.W. 1975. Ecological implications of trace contaminants in the environment. Pp. 31-38 in A.F. LeRoy (ed.), Trace Contaminants in the Environment, AIChE Symposium Series, 71, No. 149. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York. 56 pp.
Risebrough, R.W. 1975. (Abstract) The Peregrine Falcon decline in California III: the contributing causes. Pp. 79-80 in J.R. Murphy, C.M. White, and B.E. Harrell (eds.), Population status of raptors: proceedings of the Conference on Raptor Conservation Techniques (pt. 6), 22-24 March 1973. Fort Collins, CO. Raptor Research Foundation, Vermillion, SD.
Risebrough, R.W., A. Soutar, and D.R. Young. 1974. Deposition of DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls in dated sediments of the Santa Barbara Basin. Science 184:1197-1199. DOI: 10.1126/science.184.4142.1197
Vermeer, K., R.W. Risebrough, A.L. Spaans, and L.M. Reynolds. 1974. Pesticide effects of fishes and birds in rice fields in Surinam, South America, Environmental Pollution 7:217-236.
Bowes, G.W., B.R. Simoneit, A.L. Burlingame, B.W. de Lappe, and R.W. Risebrough. 1973. The search for chlorinated dibenzofurans and chlorinated dibenzodioxins in wildlife populations showing elevated levels of embryonic death. Environmental Health Perspectives 5:191–198. pdf
Gress, F., R.W. Risebrough, D.W. Anderson, L.F. Kiff, and J.R. Jehl, Jr. 1973. Reproductive failures of Double-crested Cormorants in southern California and Baja California. Wilson Bulletin 85:197-208. pdf
Peakall, D.B., J.L. Lincer, R.W. Risebrough, J.B. Pritchard, and W.B. Kinter. 1973. DDE-induced eggshell thinning: structural and physiological effects in three species. Comparative General Pharmacology 4:305-313.
Walker, W.E., II, R.W. Risebrough, J.T. Mendola, and G.W. Bowes. 1973. South American studies of the peregrine, an indicator species for persistent pollutants. Antarctic Journal of the United States 8:29-31.
Walker, W.E., II, W.G. Mattox, and R.W. Risebrough. 1973. Pollutant and shell thickness determinations of peregrine eggs from West Greenland. Arctic 26:256-258.
de Lappe, B., and R.W. Risebrough 1972. Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in ecosystems. Environmental Health Perspectives 1:39-45. pdf
Hays, H., and R.W. Risebrough. 1972. Pollutant concentrations in abnormal young terns from Long Island Sound. Auk 89:19-35.
Schmidt, T.T., R.W. Risebrough, and F. Gress. 1971. Input of polychlorinated biphenyls into California coastal waters from urban sewage outfalls. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 6:235-
Berger, D.D., D.W. Anderson, J.D. Weaver, and R.W. Risebrough. 1970. Shell thinning in eggs of Ungava peregrines. Canadian Field-Naturalist 84:265-267.
Herman, S.G., M.N Kirven, and R.W. Risebrough. 1970. The Peregrine Falcon decline in California. I. A preliminary review. Audubon Field Notes 24(4):609-613.
Risebrough, R.W., G.L. Florant, and D.D. Berger. 1970. Organochlorine pollutants in peregrines and Merlins migrating through Wisconsin. Canadian Field-Naturalist 84:247-253.
Risebrough, R.W. 1969. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the global ecosystem. In G.G. Berg and M.W. Miller (eds.), Chemical Fallout. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL.
Risebrough, R., and V. Brodine. 1969. More letters in the wind. Environment 12:16.
Risebrough, R.W., S.G.Herman, D.B. Peakall, and M.N. Kirven. 1968. Polychlorinated biphenyls in the global ecosystem. Nature 220:1098-1102.
Risebrough, R.W., R.J. Huggett, J.J. Griffin and E.D. Goldberg. 1968. Pesticides: transatlantic movements in the northeast trades. Science 159:1233-1236. DOI: 10.1126/science.159.3820.1233. Pesticides: Transatlantic Movements in the Northeast Trades
Risebrough, R.W., D.B. Menzel, D.J. Martin, and H.S. Olcutt. 1967. DDT residues in Pacific sea birds: a persistent insecticide in marine food chains. Nature 216:589-591. doi:10.1038/216589a0
Gros, F., H. Hiatt, W. Gilbert, C.G. Kurland, R.W. Risebrough, and J.D. Watson. 1961. Unstable ribonucleic acid revealed by pulse labelling of Escherichia coli. Nature 190:581-585. DOI: 10.1038/190581a0